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Alfred Whitney Griswold (October 27, 1906 – April 19, 1963), who went by his second given name, was an American historian and educator. He served as 16th President of Yale University from 1951 to 1963, during which he built much of Yale's modern scientific research infrastructure, especially on Science Hill. ==Life and work== Griswold was born in Morristown, New Jersey, the son of Elsie Montgomery (Whitney) and Harold Ely Griswold.〔http://drs.library.yale.edu/HLTransformer/HLTransServlet?stylename=yul.ead2002.xhtml.xsl&pid=mssa:ms.0255&query=&clear-stylesheet-cache=yes&hlon=yes&big=&adv=&filter=&hitPageStart=&sortFields=&view=all〕 He graduated from Hotchkiss School in 1925, before obtaining his B.A. from Yale University in 1929, where he edited campus humor magazine ''The Yale Record''.〔Griswold, A. Whitney (November 18, 1927). 'Harvard Men "Moist", According to Associate Editor of ''Yale Record'': Only Those Who Think Too Much or Not at All at Harvard-Finds Polish of Little Use in Selling Bonds'. ''The Harvard Crimson''. Cambridge: Harvard Crimson.〕 Griswold was a descendant, on his mother's side, of Eli Whitney, and of six colonial governors of Connecticut on his father's side.〔Karabel, Jerome. ''The Chosen: The Hidden History of Admissions and Exclusion at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton'', Houghton Mifflin and Company, New York, 2005. p. 222. ISBN 978-0-618-57458-2, ISBN 0-618-57458-1〕 As an undergraduate, Griswold, along with a handful of students and faculty members, founded the Yale Political Union.〔Kabaservice, Geoffrey. ''The Guardians: Kingman Brewster, His Circle, and the Rise of the Liberal Establishment'', New York: Holt, 2004. p. 51. ISBN 0-8050-6762-0〕 He taught English for a year, then changed to history, which he taught at Yale from 1933, becoming an assistant professor in 1938, an associate professor in 1942, and a full professor in 1947. Griswold received a Ph.D. in the new field of History, the Arts and Letters, writing the first dissertation in American Studies in 1933.〔Karabel, Jerome. ''The Chosen: The Hidden History of Admissions and Exclusion at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton'', Houghton Mifflin and Company, New York, 2005. p. 222. ISBN 0-618-57458-1〕 The American cult of success was the dissertation's subject, informed in part by Griswold's brief time on Wall Street between his graduation and the stock market crash of 1929.〔"Yale in the Great Depression", Gaddis Smith, Yale Alumni Magazine, p. 38, November/December 2009|Volume LXXIII, Number 2〕 Griswold authored ''The Far Eastern Policy of the United States'' (1938), ''Farming and Democracy'' (1948), ''Essays on Education'' (1954), ''In the University Tradition'' (1957), and ''Liberal Education and the Democratic Ideal'' (1959).〔 Although Griswold was not a specialist in foreign affairs, his 1938 book on Far Eastern policy was an elegantly written and vigorous survey which for many years was the most influential work in the field.〔See the essays by John Garraty and Ernest May in Dorothy Borg, ed., ''Historians and American Far Eastern Policy'' (New York: East Asian Institute, Columbia University, 1966).〕 Griswold became President of Yale University in 1951, serving until his death in 1963.〔''Encyclopædia Britannica'', Vol. 12, ''Micropædia'' 15th edition, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc, Vol. 12〕 Griswold was unaware of his imminent rise to the presidency. The day of his elevation, he told his wife, "Thank God we're not in that racket," after they had lunched with a friend, the president of Mount Holyoke College.〔Karabel, Jerome. ''The Chosen: The History of Admissions and Exclusion at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton'', Houghton Mifflin and Company, New York, 2005. p.222. ISBN 0-618-57458-1〕 As president, Griswold is credited with tripling the university endowment to $375 million, building 26 new buildings and establishing research fellowships for young scholars, particularly in the sciences.〔''Time'' magazine, "New Haven, Safe Haven", Apr. 17, 1964.〕 He was arguably Yale's first modern president, and was widely quoted in the national media for his views on foreign affairs, amateur athletics, academic freedom, and the liberal arts against government intrusion.〔Oren, Dan. ''Joining the Club: A History of Jews and Yale'', Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2000. p. 221. ISBN 0-300-08468-4〕 Griswold also worked in successful collaboration with Nathan Pusey, his counterpart at Harvard, to maintain amateurism in athletics among the member Ivy League programs.〔Bergin, Thomas A. ''The Game: The Harvard – Yale Football Rivalry, 1875–1983'', Yale University Press, New Haven and London. p. 200. ISBN 0-300-03267-6〕 The decision to create the eleventh and twelfth residential colleges at Yale, known as Morse College and Ezra Stiles College, was made by Griswold. In 1952, he established masters of arts programs in teaching, affiliated with the traditional liberal arts departments. During World War II he headed special U.S. Army training programs in languages and civil affairs.〔 Griswold died of colon cancer in New Haven, Connecticut, and is buried in Grove Street Cemetery. His former home, at 237 East Rock Road in New Haven, is a contributing property in the Prospect Hill Historic District. Ben Kiernan is the current A. Whitney Griswold Professor of History at Yale. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alfred Whitney Griswold」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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